Philosophy

For Bergson and Deleuze, time is not a row of identical units but duration: a qualitative multiplicity, continuous, heterogeneous, and irreducible to space.

Aristotelian bravery is the mean between confidence and fear: facing danger with appropriate fear, but with enough boldness or confidence to act according to reason.

"Virtual" does not refer to anything digital. Gilles Deleuze’s distinction between the virtual and the actual offers an unexpected, dynamic interpretation of the world.

Henri Bergson’s élan vital dismantles mechanical and teleological illusions. Deleuze reads it as virtuality actualizing itself.

Albert Camus’s poor health, obsession with death, and anxiety led him to write "The Fall," a master study of moral narcissism.

Deleuze transforms Leibniz's orderly, theological metaphysics into a dynamic philosophy of movement through a single concept: the Fold, in which inside and outside fold endlessly into each other.

Cancel culture is a complex social phenomenon that challenges accountability and raises ethical questions about public shaming, dignity, and moral responsibility.

Existentialists Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus were once friends, but differences ultimately ended their friendship.